Newcastle

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a paramyxovirus that infects domestic poultry and other bird species. It is a global problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory disease, but depression, nervous manifestations, or diarrhea are also symptoms. The virus is excreted in manure and is breathed out into the air, and it usually spreads by direct physical contact with infected or diseased birds. Severity depends on the virulence of the infecting virus and host susceptibility. Diagnosis is mainly by PCR for acute disease detection and serology in NDV surveillance to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals.